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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.
OpenGL is a registered trademark and SGI is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Unix is a registered trademark of The Open Group. The `X' device and X Window System are trademarks of The Open Group. XFree86 is a trademark of The XFree86 Project. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. 3Dlabs, GLINT, and Oxygen are either registered trademarks or trademarks of 3Dlabs Inc. Ltd. 3dfx, Voodoo3, Voodoo4, and Voodoo5 are registered trademarks of 3dfx Interactive, Incorporated. Matrox is a registered trademark of Matrox Electronic Systems Ltd. ATI Rage and Radeon is a registered trademark of ATI Technologies, Inc. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners.
This document describes how to download, compile and install the DRI. The DRI provides 3D graphics hardware acceleration for the XFree86 project. This information is intended for experienced Linux developers. Beginners are probably better off installing precompiled packages.
Edits, corrections and updates to this document may be mailed
to
Last updated on 13 February 2002 by Brian Paul.
You'll need the following:
The DRI 3D drivers generally work on systems with Intel or AMD CPUs. However, limited support for Alpha and PowerPC support is underway.
For 3dfx Voodoo hardware, you'll also need the Glide3 runtime library (libglide3-v3.so for Voodoo3 or libglide3-v5.so for Voodoo4/5). These can be downloaded from the DRI website. You can compile them yourself, but it's often a painful process.
For Matrox G200/G400, Intel i810/i830 or ATI Rage128/Radeon hardware, you'll also need AGP support in your Linux kernel, either built-in or as a loadable module.
Only the Linux 2.4.x kernels are currently supported by the DRI hardware drivers. 2.5.x kernels may work, but aren't tested.
Most of the DRI drivers require AGP support and using Intel Pentium III SSE optimizations also requires an up-to-date Linux kernel. Configuring your kernel correctly is very important, as features such as SSE optimizations will be disabled if your kernel does not support them. Thus, if you have a Pentium III processor, you must configure your kernel for the Pentium III processor family.
Building a new Linux kernel can be difficult for beginners but there are resources on the Internet to help. This document assumes experience with configuring, building and installing Linux kernels.
Linux kernels can be downloaded from www.kernel.org
Here are the basic steps for kernel setup.
cd /usr/src rm -f linux mkdir linux-2.4.x ln -s linux-2.4.x linux bzcat linux-2.4.x.tar.bz2 | tar xf -It is critical that /usr/src/linux point to your new kernel sources, otherwise the kernel headers will not be used when building the DRI. This will almost certainly cause compilation problems.
make menuconfig
and do the
following:
image=/boot/vmlinuz label=linux.2.4.x read-only root=/dev/hda1The important part is that you have /boot/vmlinuz without a trailing version number. If this is the first entry in your /etc/lilo.conf AND you haven't set a default, then this will be your default kernel.
cd /usr/src/linux-2.4.x make dep make bzImage make modules make modules_install make installNote that last make command will automatically run lilo for you.
In general, nothing special has to be done to use the DRI on different CPU architectures. There are, however, a few optimizations that are CPU-dependent. Mesa will determine at runtime which CPU-dependent optimizations should be used and enable them where appropriate.
The Pentium III SSE (Katmai) instructions are used in optimized vertex transformation functions in the Mesa-based DRI drivers. On Linux, SSE requires a recent kernel (such as 2.4.0-test11 or later) both at compile time and runtime.
AMD's 3DNow! instructions are used in optimized vertex transformation functions in the Mesa-based DRI drivers. 3DNow! is supported in most versions of Linux.
On newer Alpha processors a significant performance increase can be seen with the addition of the -mcpu= option to GCC. This option is dependent on the architecture of the processor. For example, -mcpu=ev6 will build specifically for the EV6 based AXP's, giving both byte and word alignment access to the DRI/Mesa drivers.
To enable this optimization edit your xc/config/host.def file and add the line:
#define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6
Additional speed improvements to 3D rendering can be achieved by installing Compaq's Math Libraries (CPML) which can be obtained from http://www.support.compaq.com/alpha-tools/software/index.html
Once installed, you can add this line to your host.def to build with the CPML libraries:
#define UseCompaqMathLibrary YES
The host.def file is explained below.
The DRI project is hosted by SourceForge. The DRI source code, which is a subset of the XFree86 source tree, is kept in a CVS repository there.
The DRI CVS sources may be accessed either anonymously or as a registered SourceForge user. It's recommended that you become a registered SourceForge user so that you may submit non-anonymous bug reports and can participate in the mailing lists.
cd ~ mkdir DRI-CVSYou could put your CVS directory in a different place but we'll use
~/DRI-CVS/
here.
cd ~/DRI-CVS cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.dri.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/dri login (hit ENTER when prompted for a password) cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.dri.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/dri co xc
The -z3 flag causes compression to be used in order to reduce the download time.
cd ~ mkdir DRI-CVSYou could put your CVS directory in a different place but we'll use
~/DRI-CVS/
here.
setenv CVS_RSH ssh // if using csh or tcsh export CVS_RSH=ssh // if using sh or bash
cd ~/DRI-CVS cvs -z3 -d:ext:YOURID@cvs.dri.sourceforge.net:/cvsroot/dri co xcReplace
YOURID
with your CVS login name.
You'll be prompted to enter your sourceforge password.
The -z3 flag causes compression to be used in order to reduce the download time.
In the future you'll want to occasionally update your local copy of the DRI source code to get the latest changes. This can be done with:
cd ~/DRI-CVS cvs -z3 update -dA xcThe -d flag causes any new subdirectories to be created and -A causes most recent trunk sources to be fetched, not branch sources.
Most of the DRI 3D drivers are based on Mesa (the free implementation of the OpenGL API). The relevant files from Mesa are already included in the XFree86/DRI source tree. There is no need to download or install the Mesa source files separately.
Sometimes a newer version of Mesa will be available than the version included in XFree86/DRI. Upgrading Mesa within XFree86/DRI is not always straightforward. It can be an error-prone undertaking, especially for beginners, and is not generally recommended. The DRI developers will upgrade Mesa when appropriate.
Rather than placing object files and library files right in the
source tree, they're instead put into a parallel build tree.
The build tree is made with the lndir
command:
cd ~/DRI-CVS ln -s xc XFree40 mkdir build cd build lndir -silent -ignorelinks ../XFree40
The build tree will be populated with symbolic links which point back into the CVS source tree.
Advanced users may have several build trees for compiling and testing with different options.
The ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/config/cf/host.def
file is used
to configure the XFree86 build process.
You can change it to customize your build options or make adjustments
for your particular system configuration
The default host.def
file will look something like this:
#define DefaultCCOptions -Wall (i386) #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 (Alpha) #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6 (or similar) #define LibraryCDebugFlags -O2 #define BuildServersOnly YES #define XF86CardDrivers vga tdfx mga ati i810 #define LinuxDistribution LinuxRedHat #define DefaultCCOptions -ansi GccWarningOptions -pipe #define BuildXF86DRI YES /* Optionally turn these on for debugging */ /* #define GlxBuiltInTdfx YES */ /* #define GlxBuiltInMga YES */ /* #define GlxBuiltInR128 YES */ /* #define GlxBuiltInRadeon YES */ /* #define DoLoadableServer NO */ #define SharedLibFont NOThe
ProjectRoot
variable specifies where the XFree86 files
will be installed.
We recommend installing the DRI files over your existing XFree86
installation - it's generally safe to do and less error-prone.
This policy is different than what we used to recommend.
If XFree86 4.x is not installed in /usr/X11R6/ you'll have to
add the following to the host.def
file:
#define ProjectRoot pathToYourXFree86installation
Note the XF86CardDrivers line to be sure your card's driver is listed.
If you want to enable 3DNow! optimizations in Mesa and the DRI drivers, you should add the following:
#define MesaUse3DNow YESYou don't have to be using an AMD processor in order to enable this option. The DRI will look for 3DNow! support and runtime and only enable it if applicable.
If you want to enable SSE optimizations in Mesa and the DRI drivers, you must upgrade to a Linux 2.4.x kernel. Mesa will verify that SSE is supported by both your processor and your operating system, but to build Mesa inside the DRI you need to have the Linux 2.4.x kernel headers in /usr/src/linux. If you enable SSE optimizations with an earlier version of the Linux kernel in /usr/src/linux, Mesa will not compile. You have been warned. If you do have a 2.4.x kernel, you should add the following:
#define MesaUseKatmai YES
To compile the complete DRI tree:
cd ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/ make World >& world.logOr if you want to watch the compilation progress:
cd ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/ make World >& world.log & tail -f world.logWith the default compilation flags it's normal to get a lot of warnings during compilation.
Building will take some time so you may want to go check your email or visit slashdot.
WARNING: do not use the -j option with make. It's reported that it does not work with XFree86/DRI.
Using your text editor, examine world.log
for errors
by searching for the pattern ***
.
Verify that the DRI kernel module(s) for your system were built:
cd ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support/linux/drm/kernel ls
For the 3dfx Voodoo, you should see tdfx.o. For the Matrox G200/G400, you should see mga.o. For the ATI Rage 128, you should see r128.o. For the ATI Radeon, you should see radeon.o. For the Intel i810, you should see i810.o.
If the DRI kernel module(s) failed to build you should verify that you're using the right version of the Linux kernel. The most recent kernels are not always supported.
If your build machine is running a different version of the kernel
than your target machine (i.e. 2.2.x vs. 2.4.x), make will
select the wrong kernel headers. This can be fixed by explicitly
setting the value of TREE
.
If the path to your kernel source is
/usr/src/linux-2.4.x
,
cd ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support/linux/drm/kernel make TREE=/usr/src/linux-2.4.x/includeor alternatively, edit Makefile to include this change.
After fixing the errors, run make World
again.
Later, you might just compile parts of the source tree but it's
important that the whole tree will build first.
The DRI kernel modules will be in
~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support/linux/drm/kernel/
.
To load the appropriate DRM module in your running kernel you can
either use ismod and restart your X server or copy the kernel module
to /lib/modules/2.4.x/kernel/drivers/char/drm/
then run
depmod and restart your X server.
Make sure you first unload any older DRI kernel modules that might be already loaded.
Note that some DRM modules require that the agpgart
module
be loaded first.
Most users will want to install the new X server and use it in place of their old X server. This section explains how to do that.
Developers, on the other hand, may just want to test the X server without actually installing it as their default server. If you want to do that, skip to the next section.
Here are the installation commands:
su cd ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc make install
You may need to edit your XF86Config file to enable the DRI.
The config file is usually installed as
/etc/X11/XF86Config-4
.
See the DRI User Guide for details, but basically, you need
to load the "glx" and "dri" modules and add a "DRI" section.
On the DRI web site, in the resources section, you'll find example XF86Config files for a number of graphics cards. These configuration files also setup DRI options so it's highly recommended that you look at these examples.
The XFree86 4.x server can generate a basic configuration file itself. Simply do this:
cd /usr/X11R6/bin ./XFree86 -configureA file named
/root/XF86Config.new
will be created.
It should allow you to try your X server but you'll almost
certainly have to edit it.
For example, you should add HorizSync
and
VertRefresh
options to the Monitor
section
and Modes
options to the Screen
section.
Also, the ModulePath
option in the Files
section should be set to /usr/X11R6/lib/modules
.
The new X server should be ready to use now.
Start your X server in your usual manner.
Often times the startx
command is used:
startx
As mentioned at the start of section 9, developers may want to simply run the X server without installing it. This can save some time and allow you to keep a number of X servers available for testing.
As described in the preceding section, you'll need to create a
configuration file for the new server.
Put the XF86Config
file in your
~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/programs/Xserver
directory.
Be sure the ModulePath
option in your XF86Config file
is set correctly.
A simple shell script can be used to start the X server. Here's an example.
#!/bin/sh export DISPLAY=:0 ./XFree86 -xf86config XF86Config & \ sleep 2 fvwm2 & xset b off xmodmap -e "clear mod4" xsetroot -solid "#00306f" xterm -geometry 80x40+0+0You might name this script
start-dri
.
Put it in your ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/programs/Xserver
directory.
To test the server run the script:
cd ~/DRI-CVS/build/xc/programs/Xserver ./start-driFor debugging, you may also want to capture the log messages printed by the server in a file. If you're using the C-shell:
./start-dri >& log
At this point your X server should be up and running with hardware-accelerated direct rendering. Please read the DRI User Guide for information about trouble shooting and how to use the DRI-enabled X server for 3D applications.